A radio frequency and microwave signal generator is a test equipment device used to generate RF and microwave signals for testing, measuring, and troubleshooting various RF components and systems. These test instruments are used in a wide range of applications, including aerospace and defence, telecommunications, electronics manufacturing, research and development, and education.

Types of signal generators 

There are three main types of RF microwave signal generators: analog signal generators, vector signal generators, and arbitrary waveform generators. The type of signal generator you choose will depend on your application and needs. 

Analog signal generators 

These signal generators produce continuous wave signals at a single frequency with a fixed amplitude. Low-end models typically feature a limited frequency range (up to several GHz) and are relatively inexpensive and easy to use compared to other types of signal generators, with more advanced instruments available in high-end RF, microwave and mmWave applications. They are commonly used in a range of areas,  from basic testing and troubleshooting of analog radio frequency circuits, such as in radio and television broadcast systems, to advanced applications in wireless communications, semiconductors, and aerospace and defence. 

Vector signal generators  

These produce both amplitude and phase-modulated signals with high accuracy, typically used in digital communication systems. VSGs are widely used in the design and testing of wireless communication systems, including cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other wireless protocols. 

Arbitrary waveform generators 

These can generate complex signals with arbitrary waveform shapes, such as pulsed, modulated, or noise-like signals, often used in radar testing or scientific research. AWGs allow for precise control over the timing, frequency, phase, and amplitude of the output signals, making them ideal for creating complex waveforms for detailed analysis or simulation of real-world signals.  

Using signal generators 

Signal generators are operated by connecting their output to the input of the device under test using an appropriate cable or other connector. After setting the correct frequency and configuring modulation parameters such as frequency, amplitude, or phase modulation, the instrument generates the signal. Then, the user can observe the response of the device under test using equipment such as an oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What do I need to consider when choosing a signal generator? 

With a huge range of different types of signal generators available for all budgets and requirements, it can be a challenge to narrow down your search. Some key factors to consider when selecting an RF microwave signal generator include: 

• Quality of signal: How accurately and precisely the generator can create signals to input into the device under test. High-end models with excellent signal stability, purity, and performance are important for advanced applications.  
• Output power offered: The amount of power delivered by the signal generator can impact the accuracy of your measurements. On the whole, analog signal generators tend to offer higher power outputs than their other counterparts. Note that some signal generators offer variable output power levels. 
• Waveforms generated: The types of waveform generated by the device are an important factor to consider and what’s required will depend on what’s being tested. Most signal generators are capable of creating basic waveforms such as sine, square, and sawtooth waves. For more complex waveforms, vector signal generators and arbitrary waveform generators are needed. 
• Frequency range supported: It is also important that the signal generator can operate at the frequencies required by the device under test, with different frequency ranges needed for different types of circuitry. Advanced RF devices and circuits require microwave and RF signal generators that operate at frequencies up to several GHz. Signal frequencies offered tend to be in the range of kHz to several  GHz, although this varies between different models.  
• Phase noise: This refers to a noise signal that varies the phase of RF signals from the ideal value. Phase noise can decrease the accuracy of your measurements and limit the performance of sensitive RF devices. In general, vector signal generators and arbitrary waveform generators tend to have lower phase noise. 
• Modulation capabilities: Whether the signal generator can create modulated signals such as frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, and phase modulation in order to more accurately replicate real-world signals. Analog signal generators tend not to have the capabilities for these modulated signals.  

What are the frequency ranges covered by RF microwave signal generators? 

RF and microwave signal generators can generate signals in the frequency range of several kHz to GHz, depending on the model and manufacturer. 

What are the best microwave and RF signal generators?  

The best generator for you depends on your specific application and measurement needs. Brands such as Keysight Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz, and Anritsu are known for their high-quality and versatile generators which are used in a wide range of industries. With a variety of different generators on offer, you can find the perfect instrument here for all your testing needs.  

What are the benefits of renting an RF microwave signal generator? 

Renting an RF and microwave signal generator has many benefits including giving you affordable access to the latest equipment without a large upfront capital investment. This way, you can avoid the costs of maintenance, calibration, and storage. Renting also provides you with the flexibility to pay for equipment only when you need it, which can be cost-effective for short-term projects or intermittent needs. Finally, with Electro Rent's flexible rental terms, it's easy to upgrade, change, or end your rental at short notice.  

Why buy a pre-owned signal generator? 

Opting for a pre-owned signal generator allows you to use a top-of-the-range tool from a leading brand at a fraction of the price. Fully tested and calibrated by our expert team, our Certified Pre-Owned signal generators do not compromise on accuracy and quality. But, for your peace of mind, we also offer a 14-day money-back guarantee and a year's warranty with all certified pre-owned test equipment.   

Should I rent or buy a signal generator? 

The decision of whether to rent or buy test equipment is always dependent on your unique circumstances, requirements, and budget. Get in touch with our expert team who will work with you to find the perfect solution for your needs or check out our downloadable resource Rent or Buy? Why Equipment Rental is the Strategic Choice.